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Edexcel OLevel Physics Revision Notes (Updated)

Learners can examine Edexcel O-Level Physics with the aid of this online course. All topics necessary for passing the O-Level Physics test are covered in the course, including mechanics, waves, electricity, magnetism, and more. Through interactive quizzes, practice problems, and entertaining video lectures, students will learn the fundamental concepts of physics.

Course Benefits:

all topics necessary for the O-Level Physics test are fully covered
engaging lectures on the video to boost learning
Students can practice exercises and take interactive tests to improve their problem-solving abilities.
access to knowledgeable physics instructors for support and direction
Online learning is flexible and convenient.

A certified physics instructor with knowledge of the Edexcel O-Level Physics curriculum is in charge of instructing the course. To ensure that pupils comprehend the content, the lecturer gives succinct justifications and examples.

Course Content

Introduction

Chapter-1. Density and pressure
The relationship between density, mass, and volume: volume density =mass/volume ρ=m/V practical: investigate density using direct measurements of mass and volume The relationship between pressure, force, and area: pressure =force/area p=F/A understand how the pressure at a point in a gas or liquid at rest acts equally in all directions. the relationship for pressure difference: pressure difference = height × density × gravitational field strength p = h × ρ × g

Chapter-2. Solids, liquids and gases
why heating a system will change the energy stored within the system and raise its temperature or produce changes of state. the changes that occur when a solid melts to form a liquid, and when a liquid evaporates or boils to form a gas. describe the arrangement and motion of particles in solids, liquids, and gases. practical: obtain a temperature-time graph to show the constant the temperature during a change of state. specific heat capacity is the energy required to change the the temperature of an object by one degree Celsius per kilogram of mass (J/kg °C) use the equation: change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature ΔQ = m × c × ΔT practical: investigate the specific heat capacity of materials including water and some solids how molecules in a gas have random motion and that they exert a force and hence pressure on the walls of a container. there is an absolute zero temperature which is –273 °C the Kelvin scale of temperature and be able to convert between the Kelvin and Celsius scales. the Kelvin temperature of a gas is proportional to the average kinetic energy of its molecules. for a fixed amount of gas, the qualitative relationship between: • pressure and volume at a constant temperature • pressure and Kelvin temperature at constant volume. the relationship between the pressure and Kelvin temperature of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume: p1 /T1=p2/T2 the relationship between the pressure and volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature: p1V1 = p2V2

Chapter-3. Movement and position
plot and explain distance−time graphs know and use the relationship between average speed, distance moved, and time taken: average speed =distance moved/time taken practical: investigate the motion of everyday objects such as toy cars or tennis balls the relationship between acceleration, change in velocity and time taken: acceleration =change in velocity/time taken a=(v-u)/t plot and explain velocity-time graphs acceleration from the gradient of a velocity−time graph the distance traveled from the area between a velocity−time graph and the time axis the relationship between final speed, initial speed, acceleration and distance moved: (final speed)2 = (initial speed)2 + (2 × acceleration × distance moved) v2 = u2 + (2 × a × s)

Chapter-4. Forces, movement, shape and momentum
the effects of forces between bodies such as changes in speed, shape, or direction. identify different types of force such as gravitational or electrostatic. how vector quantities differ from scalar quantities. understand that force is a vector quantity. calculate the resultant force of forces that act along a line. friction is a force that opposes motion. know and use the relationship between unbalanced force, mass, and acceleration: force = mass × acceleration F = m × a know and use the relationship between weight, mass, and gravitational field strength: weight = mass × gravitational field strength W = m × g the stopping distance of a vehicle is made up of the sum of the thinking distance and the braking distance. the factors affecting vehicle stopping distance, including speed, mass, road condition, and reaction time. the forces acting on falling objects (and explain why falling objects reach a terminal velocity) practical: investigate how extension varies with the applied force for helical springs, metal wires, and rubber bands. the initial linear region of a force-extension graph is associated with Hooke’s law. elastic behavior is the ability of a material to recover its original shape after the forces causing deformation has been removed. Practical: Know and use the relationship between momentum, mass, and velocity: momentum = mass × velocity p = m × v Practical: use the idea of momentum to explain safety features. Practical: the conservation of momentum to calculate the mass, velocity or the momentum of objects. Practical:the relationship between force, change in momentum, and time taken: force = change in momentum/time taken F =(mv-mu)/t demonstrate an understanding of Newton’s third law know and use the relationship between the moment of a force and its the perpendicular distance from the pivot: moment = force × perpendicular distance from the pivot. the weight of a body acts through its center of gravity. the principle of moments for a simple system of parallel forces acting in one plane. the upward forces on a light beam, supported at its ends, vary with the position of a heavy object placed on the beam.

Chapter-5. Energy transfers
describe energy transfers involving energy stores: • energy stores: chemical, kinetic, gravitational, elastic, thermal, magnetic, electrostatic, nuclear • energy transfers: mechanically, electrically, by heating, by radiation (light and sound) the principle of conservation of energy know and use the relationship between efficiency, useful energy output, and total energy output: efficiency = useful energy output/total energy output ×100% describe a variety of everyday and scientific devices and situations, explaining the transfer of the input energy in terms of the above relationship, including their representation by Sankey diagrams how thermal energy transfer may take place by conduction, convection, and radiation. the role of convection in everyday phenomena. explain how emission and absorption of radiation are related to surface and temperature. practical: investigate thermal energy transfer by conduction, convection, and radiation. explain ways of reducing unwanted energy transfer, such as insulation

Chapter-6. Work and power
know and use the relationship between work done, force and distance moved in the direction of the force: work done = force × distance moved W = F × d know that work done is equal to energy transferred. now and use the relationship between gravitational potential energy, mass, gravitational field strength and height: gravitational potential energy = mass × gravitational field strength × height GPE = m × g × h know and use the relationship: kinetic energy = 12 × mass × speed2 KE =1/2 × m× v2 understand how conservation of energy produces a link between gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy, and work. describe power as the rate of transfer of energy or the rate of doing work. use the relationship between power, work done (energy transferred), and time taken: power =work done/time taken P =W/t

Chapter-7. Energy resources and electricity generation
describe the energy transfers involved in generating electricity using: • wind • water • geothermal resources • solar heating systems • solar cells • fossil fuels • nuclear power describe the advantages and disadvantages of methods of large-scale electricity production from various renewable and non-renewable resources.

Chapter-8. Properties of waves
explain the difference between longitudinal and transverse waves. know the definitions of amplitude, wavefront, frequency, wavelength, and period of a wave. know that waves transfer energy and information without transferring matter. know and use the relationship between the speed, frequency and wavelength of a wave: wave speed = frequency × wavelength v = f × λ use the relationship between frequency and time period: frequency = 1/time period f = 1/T use the above relationships in different contexts including sound waves and electromagnetic waves. explain why there is a change in the observed frequency and wavelength of a wave when its source is moving relative to an observer, and that this is known as the Doppler effect. explain that all waves can be reflected and refracted.

Chapter-9. The electromagnetic spectrum
know that light is part of a continuous electromagnetic spectrum that includes radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, and gamma-ray radiations and that all these waves travel at the same speed in free space. know the order of the electromagnetic spectrum in terms of decreasing wavelength and increasing frequency, including the colours of the visible spectrum. explain some of the uses of electromagnetic radiations, including: • radio waves: broadcasting and communications • microwaves: cooking and satellite transmissions • infrared: heaters and night vision equipment • visible light: optical fibres and photography • ultraviolet: fluorescent lamps • x-rays: observing the internal structure of objects and materials, including for medical applications • gamma rays: sterilising food and medical equipment. explain the detrimental effects of excessive exposure of the human body to electromagnetic waves, including: • microwaves: internal heating of body tissue • infrared: skin burns • ultraviolet: damage to surface cells and blindness • gamma rays: cancer, mutation and describe simple protective measures against the risks

Chapter-10. Light and sound
know that light waves are transverse waves and that they can be reflected and refracted. use the law of reflection (the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection). draw ray diagrams to illustrate reflection and refraction. practical: investigate the refraction of light, using rectangular blocks, semi-circular blocks and triangular prisms. know and use the relationship between refractive index, angle of incidence and angle of refraction: n=sin i/sin r practical: investigate the refractive index of glass, using a glass block. describe the role of total internal reflection in transmitting information along with optical fibres and in prisms. explain the meaning of critical angle c. know and use the relationship between critical angle and refractive index: sin c = 1/ n know that sound waves are longitudinal waves that can be reflected and refracted. know that the frequency range for human hearing is 20–20 000 Hz. practical: investigate the speed of sound in the air. understand how an oscilloscope and microphone can be used to display a sound wave. practical: investigate the frequency of a sound wave using an oscilloscope. understand how the pitch of a sound relates to the frequency of vibration of the source. understand how the loudness of a sound relates to the amplitude of vibration of the source.

Chapter-11. Electricity

Chapter-12. Energy and Voltage in circuits and Electric Charge

Chapter-13. Magnetism

Chapter-14. Electromagnetism

Chapter-15. Electromagnetic Induction

Chapter-16. Radioactivity

Chapter-17. Fission and Fusion

Chapter-18. Motion in the Universe

Chapter-19. Stellar Evolution

Chapter-20. Cosmology

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About Course

Edexcel OLevel Physics Revision Notes (Updated)

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Course Content

Introduction

Chapter-11. Electricity